Quantitative investigations of variation

Last updated: 14/11/2019

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Question 1 of 48
1. Question
What is random sampling?
- Sample sites selected at random
- Species investigated chosen at random
- Where effects of random mating are studied
- Samples sites are at fixed intervals
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Question 2 of 48
2. Question
What is a habitat?
- Where an organism lives
- Where an organism reproduces
- Where an organism feeds
- Where an organism develops
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Question 3 of 48
3. Question
What is systematic sampling?
- When the sample has been taken at fixed intervals across a habitat
- When the sample has been taken at random intervals across a habitat
- When the sample has been taken at intervals according to species abundance
- When the sample has been taken at varying intervals
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Question 4 of 48
4. Question
What is opportunistic sampling?
- When an area is deliberately sampled due to prior knowledge
- When an area is sampled due to it being easily accessible
- When an area is sampled due to it appearing different
- When an area is deliberately sampled due to it being healthier
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Question 5 of 48
5. Question
What is stratified sampling?
- When an area is sampled due to it appearing different
- When an area is deliberately sampled due to it being healthier
- When an area is deliberately sampled due to prior knowledge
- When an area is sampled due to it being easily accessible
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Question 6 of 48
6. Question
What is a quadrat?
- A square frame used to define the size of a sample area
- A type of mouse
- A sampling technique
- A stratified sampling technique
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Question 7 of 48
7. Question
What is used to place a quadrat accurately?
- A tape measure
- A crane
- Its food source
- A random number generator
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Question 8 of 48
8. Question
What are used with quadrats to make them more accurate?
- A grid
- A key
- Predator
- A diagram
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Question 9 of 48
9. Question
What can be used to measure percentage cover?
- A point frame
- A calculator
- A diagram
- A tape measure
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Question 10 of 48
10. Question
What is a transect?
- A line taken across a habitat
- A type of insect
- A grid system
- A way to record results
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Question 11 of 48
11. Question
What is an interrupted belt transect?
- Use of a quadrat at regular intervals along the line
- Multiple result tables
- Sampling at different times in the day
- Use of a point frame
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Question 12 of 48
12. Question
What data does the use of a quadrat give?
- Quantitative
- Discrete
- Qualitative
- Primary
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Question 13 of 48
13. Question
What is a point frame?
- A frame holding multiple long needles
- A frame holding multiple quadrats
- A frame used to place a transect
- A frame used to herd different species
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Question 14 of 48
14. Question
How might placing a quadrat disturb a habitat?
- Damage plants
- Kill animals
- Cause disease
- Unwanted pollination
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Question 15 of 48
15. Question
How can large plants be counted?
- Individually
- As percentage coverage
- With a transect
- With a point frame
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Question 16 of 48
16. Question
When would a line transect be used?
- In a large sample site
- In a small sample site
- In a wet sample site
- In a densely-packed sample site
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Question 17 of 48
17. Question
Which of the following is not a reason why it can be hard to count animals?
- They can move very slowly
- They sense human presence and hide
- They often have camouflage
- They may be present in high numbers
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Question 18 of 48
18. Question
How can the presence of larger animals be identified?
- By the presence and analysis of their droppings
- By which plants are growing in the sample site
- By the stage of succesion of the sample site
- By observing the climax community
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Question 19 of 48
19. Question
Which of the following techniques can be used to detemine population size?
- DNA sequencing
- Calorimetry
- Electrophoresis
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Question 20 of 48
20. Question
Which of these is not a way ecologists catch invertebrates?
- A Longworth trap
- A pitfall trap
- With a tout net
- Tullgreen funnel
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Question 21 of 48
21. Question
Which of the following is used to trap small mammals?
- A Longworth trap
- A pitfall trap
- With a tout net
- Tullgreen funnel
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Question 22 of 48
22. Question
How is total population from a sample of small animals calculated?
- Marking and counting 3 populations
- Dividing the sample size by the area of the site and mulitplying by 100
- Multiplying the sample size by the area of the site
- Trapping all individuals in the population from the sample site
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Question 23 of 48
23. Question
How is the ‘sweep net’ technique carried out?
- Walk through habitat with tout net, sweeping in wide arcs
- Walk through habitat with tout net, sweeping in narrow arcs
- Walk through habitat with seine net, sweeping in narrow arcs
- Walk through habitat with seine net, sweeping in wide arcs
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Question 24 of 48
24. Question
What is a pooter used for?
- Trapping small insects that might fly away
- Catching small insects
- Feeding small insects
- Trapping larger insects
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Question 25 of 48
25. Question
Where are pitfall traps used?
- In the soil
- In trees
- In animal burrows
- At feeding sites
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Question 26 of 48
26. Question
What does a Tullgreen funnel collect?
- Small animals from leaf litter and soil
- Flying insects
- Animals in trees
- Fast-moving animals
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Question 27 of 48
27. Question
What trap is used to catch flying insects at night?
- A light trap
- A pitfall trap
- Tullgreen funnel
- A tout net
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Question 28 of 48
28. Question
How would a sample be taken from under a hedge?
- Pitfall trap
- Sweep net
- Light trap
- Pooter
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Question 29 of 48
29. Question
How could you mark a small mammal, without causing harm?
- Clip a small patch of fir
- Change its fur colour
- Piercing
- Injection with a dye
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Question 30 of 48
30. Question
What is the correlation coefficient?
- A measure of how closely two sets of data are correlated
- A measure of how scattered two sets of data are correlated
- A measure of how likely two sets of data are to correlate
- A measure of how helpful a correlation is
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Question 31 of 48
31. Question
What is the standard deviation?
- A measure of spread around a mean
- A measure of variance around a mean
- A measure of correlation in a graph
- A measure of likelihood in a scenario
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Question 32 of 48
32. Question
What is a t-test used for?
- To compare two means
- To find the percentage certainty of an event occurring
- To find if a difference is significant
- To compare two data sets
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Question 33 of 48
33. Question
What does a low standard deviation indicate?
- Narrow range and closely grouped
- Large range and less well grouped
- Narrow range and less well grouped
- Large range and closely grouped
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Question 34 of 48
34. Question
What does a high standard deviation indicate?
- Large range and less well grouped
- Narrow range and closely grouped
- Large range and closely grouped
- Narrow range and less well grouped
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Question 35 of 48
35. Question
In the following equation, what does x̅ stand for? [Zoie – paste in the equation to the right]
- Mean
- Mode
- Number of items
- Degrees of freedom
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Question 36 of 48
36. Question
What is the standard deviation of the following data? Length of leaf (mm) – 83, 84, 88, 75, 97, 86, 92, 87, 65, 8
- 8.89
- -8.89
- 9.98
- -9.98
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Question 37 of 48
37. Question
What are the degrees of freedom?
- Number of values in a statistical calculation that are free to vary
- Number of steps in a statistical calculation that are free to vary
- Number of data sets in a statistical calculation that are free to vary
- Number of values in a calculation that are free to vary
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Question 38 of 48
38. Question
How do you find the degrees of freedom?
- Sample size minus number of data sets
- Number of data sets minus sample size
- Mean minus standard deviation
- Standard deviation plus number of data sets
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Question 39 of 48
39. Question
What significance level is used in biology?
- 0.98
- 0.05
- 0.95
- 0.01
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Question 40 of 48
40. Question
If the calculated value from a t-test is greater than the value at 5%, what is the difference in data sets considered as?
- Significant
- Minimal
- Realistic
- Insignificant
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Question 41 of 48
41. Question
If the calculated value from a t-test is less than the value at 5%, what is the difference in data sets considered as?
- Insignificant
- Significant
- Minimal
- Realistic
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Question 42 of 48
42. Question
If the difference between two data sets is significant, what do we do with the null hypothesis?
- Accept
- Reject
- Alter
- Reconsider
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Question 43 of 48
43. Question
If the difference between two data sets is insignificant, what do we do with the null hypothesis?
- Reject
- Accept
- Alter
- Reconsider
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Question 44 of 48
44. Question
What does the null hypothesis of a t-test state?
- There is no significant difference between the means of two sets of data
- There is a significant difference between the standard deviations of two sets of data
- There is no significant difference between the standard deviations of two sets of data
- There is a significant difference between the means of two sets of data
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Question 45 of 48
45. Question
Anything outside of the 95% distribution is considered what?
- An anomaly
- Wrong
- Insignificant
- Concerning
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Question 46 of 48
46. Question
How is the mean found?
- All values added together, divided by the number of values in the data set
- Most common number in a data set
- Middle number when lined up in order
- Largest number take away the smallest number
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Question 47 of 48
47. Question
Why would the mode be used instead of the mean as an average?
- It is unaffected by extreme values
- It’s easier to find
- There is always a modal number
- It takes all values into account
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Question 48 of 48
48. Question
What does a correlation coefficient of 1 indicate?
- Perfect correlation
- Weak negative correlation
- Strong negative correlation
- No correlation
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